HIV-Associated Dementia

HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a neurocognitive disorder that can affect individuals with HIV/AIDS. Unlike Alzheimer's disease, which primarily affects older adults and involves progressive cognitive decline, HAD is linked to the presence of HIV in the central nervous system. It often presents with symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, motor deficits, and behavioral changes. The underlying mechanisms involve HIV's ability to infect brain cells and trigger inflammation, leading to neuronal damage. Treatment focuses on managing HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which can improve neurological symptoms and prevent progression. Unlike Alzheimer's, HAD primarily targets younger populations and underscores the importance of early HIV detection and treatment to mitigate neurological complications.